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Progress in breeding for resistance to Ug99 and other races of the stem rust fungus in CIMMYT wheat germplasm

Sridhar BHAVANI, David P. HODSON, Julio HUERTA-ESPINO, Mandeep S. RANDHAWA, Ravi P. SINGH

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第3期   页码 210-224 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019268

摘要：

Races belonging to the Ug99 (TTKSK) lineage of the wheat stem rust fungus, carrying complex virulence combinations, and their migration to countries in Africa, Middle East and Asia continue to pose a significant threat to global wheat production. The rapid spread of additional races, e.g., TKTTF or the Digalu lineage, in several countries causing localized epidemics reminds us of the vulnerability of wheat germplasm to stem rust disease, a formidable foe referenced as early as biblical times. A global rust monitoring system reflecting increased surveillance efforts has identified 13 races within the Ug99 lineage in 13 countries and unrelated lineages are emerging, spreading and posing serious threats to wheat production. Race TKTTF has caused localized epidemics in Ethiopia and its variants have been recently implicated in stem rust outbreaks in Europe. Concerted research efforts have resulted in the identification of several new resistance (APR) genes and gene combinations for use in breeding. Combining multiple adult plant resistance genes in high-yielding backgrounds and discovery of new quantitative trait loci conferring stem rust resistance has progressed in the recent years, enhancing the durability of resistance. Effective gene stewardship and new generation breeding materials and cultivars that combine multiple race-specific or minor to intermediate effect APR genes, complemented by active surveillance and monitoring, have helped to limit major epidemics and increase grain yield potential in key target environments.

关键词： adult plant resistance     black rust     race-specific resistance     Triticum aestivum    

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An extraction- assay system: Evaluation on flavonols in plant resistance to Pb and Cd by supercritical

Xu Zhang, Huanhuan Yang, Xinlei Wang, Wen Song, Zhaojie Cui

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1059-2

摘要：

SFE-GC system is established for flavonols assessment.

Optimal parameters of SFE-GC are evaluated and determined.

Quercetin and kaempferol are detected in plant under heavy metal stress.

Gene expression analysis shows consistent regularity with content of flavonols.

ROS level is applied for elaborating the plant resistance status.

关键词： Flavonols     Heavy metal     Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE)     GC     Plant resistance    

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Mitigating microbiological risks of potential pathogens carrying antibiotic resistance genes and virulencefactors in receiving rivers: Benefits of wastewater treatment plant upgrade

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1682-4

摘要：

● Abundance of MAGs carrying ARG-VF pairs unchanged in rivers after WWTP upgrade.

关键词： Wastewater treatment plant upgrade     Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)     Virulence factors (VFs)     Gene co-occurrence     Genome-centric analysis    

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Transmission of antibiotic resistance genes in agroecosystems: an overview

Jizheng HE, Zhenzhen YAN, Qinglin CHEN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第3期   页码 329-332 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020333

摘要：

The use of antibiotics in human medicine and animal husbandry has resulted in the continuous release of antibiotics into the environment, which imposes high selection pressure on bacteria to develop antibiotic resistance. The spread and aggregation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in multidrug-resistant pathogens is one of the most intractable clinical challenges. Numerous studies have been conducted to profile the patterns of ARGs in agricultural ecosystems, as this is closely related to human health and wellbeing. This paper provides an overview of the transmission of ARGs in agricultural ecosystems resulting from the application of animal manures and other organic amendments. The future need to control and mitigate the spread of antibiotic resistance in agricultural ecosystems is also discussed, particularly from a holistic perspective, and requires multiple sector efforts to translate fundamental knowledge into effective strategies.

关键词： agroecosystem     antibiotic resistance     public health     soil-plant system    

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Reducing biliary complications in adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation using right lobe

YAN Lunan, WEN Tianfu, WANG Wentao, YANG Jiayin, XU Mingqing, CHEN Zheyu, WU Hong

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第2期   页码 130-133 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0024-z

摘要： The aim of this paper is to summarize our experience of using right lobe liver grafts to reduce biliary complications in adult-to-adult (A-A) living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). From January 2002 to October 2007, 124 adult patients underwent living donor liver transplantation using right lobe grafts at the West China Hospital, Sichuan University Medical School, China. There was no death in all donors. Biliary reconstruction for 178 hepatic duct orifices from 124 donor grafts was performed which included 106 reconstructions of duct-to-duct anastomoses and 72 cholangiojejunostomy. Nine recipients had biliary complications including six bile leakages (four from the anastomotic site and two from the cut surface of the liver graft) and three biliary strictures. With the improved techniques for biliary reconstruction, we have achieved good results in 124 recipients of A-A LDLT. We ascribe our success to the introduction of microsurgical techniques and the use of fixed operators which help in decreasing the biliary complications of LDLT.

关键词： microsurgical     October     improved     success     transplantation    

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China-CIMMYT collaboration enhances wheat improvement in China

Zhonghu HE, Xianchun XIA, Yong ZHANG, Yan ZHANG, Yonggui XIAO, Xinmin CHEN, Simin LI, Yuanfeng HAO, Awais RASHEED, Zhiyong XIN, Qiaosheng ZHUANG, Ennian YANG, Zheru FAN, Jun YAN, Ravi SINGH, Hans-Joachim BRAUN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第3期   页码 233-239 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019254

摘要：

China and CIMMYT have collaborated on wheat improvement for over 40 years and significant progress has been achieved in five aspects in China. A standardized protocol for testing Chinese noodle quality has been established with three selection criteria, i.e., gluten quality, starch viscosity and flour color are identified as being responsible for noodle quality. Genomic approaches have been used to develop and validate gene-specific markers, leading to the establishment of a KASP platform, and seven cultivars have been released through application of molecular marker technology. Methodology for breeding adult-plant resistance to yellow rust, leaf rust and powdery mildew, based on the pleiotropic effect of minor genes has been established, resulting in release of six cultivars. More than 330 cultivars derived from CIMMYT germplasm have been released and are now grown over 9% of the Chinese wheat production area. Additionally, physiological approaches have been used to characterize yield potential and develop high-efficiency phenotyping platforms. CIMMYT has also provided valuable training for Chinese scientists. Development of climate-resilient cultivars with application of new technology will be the priority for future collaboration.

关键词： adult-plant resistance     bread wheat     breeding     gene-specific marker     germplasm exchange     processing quality    

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Advances in immunopathogenesis of adult immune thrombocytopenia

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 418-424 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0297-8

摘要：

Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by immune-mediated accelerated platelet destruction and/or suppressed platelet production. Although the development of autoantibodies against platelet glycoproteins remains central in the pathophysiology of ITP, several abnormalities involving the cellular mechanisms of immune modulation have been identified, and the pathways behind the immune-mediated destruction of platelets have opened new avenues for the design of specific immunotherapies in an attempt to reduce the platelet destruction. This review is primarily focused on the recent literature with respect to immunopathological mechanisms in patients with ITP.

关键词： primary immune thrombocytopenia     B lymphocytes     T lymphocytes     antigen-presenting cells     cytokines    

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Impacts of advanced treatment processes on elimination of antibiotic resistance genes in a municipalwastewater treatment plant

Lian Yang, Qinxue Wen, Zhiqiang Chen, Ran Duan, Pan Yang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1116-5

摘要：

The distributions of ARGs were monitored in a WWTP in Harbin during six months.

CASS had the best removal efficacy of ARGs compared to other processes in the WWTP.

UV disinfection could effectively control the HGT.

AGAC significantly remove ARGs and organics due to its high absorption capacity.

Combination of ozone and AGAC significantly improve removal of ARGs and organics.

关键词： Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)     Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)     Ultraviolet (UV)     Ozonation     Granular activated carbon (GAC)    

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Presence, dissemination and removal of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes

Qiaowen Tan, Weiying Li, Junpeng Zhang, Wei Zhou, Jiping Chen, Yue Li, Jie Ma

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1120-9

摘要：

Reviewed the change of ARGs and ARB in full-scale urban drinking water systems.

Conventional processes are more promising than BAC process in ARGs removal.

Mechanisms of ARGs enrichment and spread in BAC filter and DWDSs are discussed.

Raise the need of future research on ARGs and ARB change in building plumbing systems.

关键词： Antibiotic resistant bacteria     Antibiotic resistance genes     Water source     Drinking water treatment plant     Drinking water distribution system     Urban drinking water system    

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Preliminary experience in adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation in a single center in China

YAN Lunan, ZENG Yong, WEN Tianfu, ZHAO Jichun, WANG Wentao, YANG Jiayin, XU Mingqing, MA Yukui, CHEN Zheyu, LIU Jiangwen, WU Hong

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 136-141 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0026-2

摘要： The aim of this paper is to report the authors experience in performing adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) by using a modified technique in using grafts of the right lobe of the liver. From January 2002 to September 2006, 56 adult patients underwent LDLT using right lobe grafts at the West China Hospital, Sichuan University Medical School, China. All patients underwent a modified operation designed to improve the reconstruction of the right hepatic vein (RHV) and the tributariers of the middle hepatic vein (MHV) by interposing a vessel graft, and by anastomosing the hepatic arteries and bile ducts. There were no severe complications or deaths in all donors. Fifty-two (92.8%) recipients survived the operations. Among the 56 recipients, complications were seen in 15 recipients (26.8%), including hepatic vein stricture (one case), small-for-size syndrome (one case), hepatic artery thrombosis (two cases), intestinal bleeding (one case), bile leakage (two cases), left subphrenic abscess (one case), renal failure (two cases) and pulmonary infection (five cases). Within three months after transplantation, four recipients (7.14%) died due to smallfor-size syndrome (one case), renal failure (one case) and multiple organ failure (two cases). All patients underwent direct anastomoses of the RHV and the inferior vena cava (IVC), and in 23 cases, reconstruction of the right inferior hepatic vein was also done. In 24 patients, the reconstruction of the tributaries of the MHV was also done by interposing a vessel graft to provide sufficient venous outflow. Trifurcation of the portal vein was seen in nine cases. Thus, veno-plasty or separate anastomoses were performed. The graft and recipient body weight ratios (GRWR) were between 0.72% and 1.43%, and in three cases it was <0.8%. The graft weight to recipient standard liver volume ratios (GV/SLV) were between 31.86% and 71.68%, among which four cases had <40%. No small-for-size syndrome occurred. With modification of the surgical technique, especially in the reconstruction of the hepatic vein to provide sufficient venous outflow, living donor liver grafts in adults using the right lobe of the liver can become a relatively safe procedure and prevent the small-for-size syndrome .
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mononuclear diploid cardiac subpopulation with minimal cell–cell communications persists in embryonic and adult

《医学前沿（英文）》   页码 939-956 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-0987-9

摘要： A small proportion of mononuclear diploid cardiomyocytes (MNDCMs), with regeneration potential, could persist in adult mammalian heart. However, the heterogeneity of MNDCMs and changes during development remains to be illuminated. To this end, 12 645 cardiac cells were generated from embryonic day 17.5 and postnatal days 2 and 8 mice by single-cell RNA sequencing. Three cardiac developmental paths were identified: two switching to cardiomyocytes (CM) maturation with close CM–fibroblast (FB) communications and one maintaining MNDCM status with least CM–FB communications. Proliferative MNDCMs having interactions with macrophages and non-proliferative MNDCMs (non-pMNDCMs) with minimal cell–cell communications were identified in the third path. The non-pMNDCMs possessed distinct properties: the lowest mitochondrial metabolisms, the highest glycolysis, and high expression of Myl4 and Tnni1. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing and immunohistochemical staining further proved that the Myl4+Tnni1+ MNDCMs persisted in embryonic and adult hearts. These MNDCMs were mapped to the heart by integrating the spatial and single-cell transcriptomic data. In conclusion, a novel non-pMNDCM subpopulation with minimal cell–cell communications was unveiled, highlighting the importance of microenvironment contribution to CM fate during maturation. These findings could improve the understanding of MNDCM heterogeneity and cardiac development, thus providing new clues for approaches to effective cardiac regeneration.

关键词： mononuclear diploid cardiomyocytes     cell–cell communication     cardiac fibroblast     single-cell RNA sequencing     cardiac regeneration    

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Genetic basis of adult-onset nephrotic syndrome and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 333-339 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0564-1

摘要：

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is one of the most common glomerular diseases with signs of nephrosis, heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema. Dysfunction of glomerular filtration barrier causes protein loss through the kidneys. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) accounts for nearly 20% of NS among children and adults. Adult-onset FSGS/NS is often associated with low response to steroid treatment and immunosuppressive medication and poor renal survival. Several genes involved in NS and FSGS have been identified by linkage analysis and next-generation sequencing. Most of these genes encode proteins and are highly expressed in glomerular podocytes, which play crucial roles in slit-diaphragm signaling, regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics and maintenance of podocyte integrity, and cell–matrix interactions. In this review, we focus on the recently identified genes in the adult-onset NS and FSGS and discuss clinical significance of screening of these genes.

关键词： nephrotic syndrome     focal segmental glomerulosclerosis     genetic    

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Temporal and spatial stability of the EM/PM molecular subtypes in adult diffuse glioma

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期   页码 240-262 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0936-z

摘要： Detailed characterizations of genomic alterations have not identified subtype-specific vulnerabilities in adult gliomas. Mapping gliomas into developmental programs may uncover new vulnerabilities that are not strictly related to genomic alterations. After identifying conserved gene modules co-expressed with EGFR or PDGFRA (EM or PM), we recently proposed an EM/PM classification scheme for adult gliomas in a histological subtype- and grade-independent manner. By using cohorts of bulk samples, paired primary and recurrent samples, multi-region samples from the same glioma, single-cell RNA-seq samples, and clinical samples, we here demonstrate the temporal and spatial stability of the EM and PM subtypes. The EM and PM subtypes, which progress in a subtype-specific mode, are robustly maintained in paired longitudinal samples. Elevated activities of cell proliferation, genomic instability and microenvironment, rather than subtype switching, mark recurrent gliomas. Within individual gliomas, the EM/PM subtype was preserved across regions and single cells. Malignant cells in the EM and PM gliomas were correlated to neural stem cell and oligodendrocyte progenitor cell compartment, respectively. Thus, while genetic makeup may change during progression and/or within different tumor areas, adult gliomas evolve within a neurodevelopmental framework of the EM and PM molecular subtypes. The dysregulated developmental pathways embedded in these molecular subtypes may contain subtype-specific vulnerabilities.

关键词： glioma progression     molecular classification     EM/PM subtyping     intratumor heterogeneity    

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Emergency adult living donor right lobe liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure

ZHANG Feng, WANG Xuehao, LI Xiangcheng, KONG Lianbao, SUN Beicheng, LI Guoqiang, QIAN Xiaofen, CHEN Feng, WANG Ke, LU Sheng, PU Liyong, LU Ling

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 282-286 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0054-y

摘要： Fulminant hepatitis is fatal in most cases and timely liver transplantation is the only effective treatment. This study evaluates the survival outcomes of patients who underwent living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) using right lobe liver grafts for fulminant liver failure due to hepatitis B infection. Nine cases of adult right lobe LDLT were performed in our department from September 2002 to August 2005 and the clinical and following-up data were reviewed. According to the pre-transplant Child-Pugh-Turcotte classification, the nine patients were classified as grade C. The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score of these patients ranged from 16 to 42. The principal complications before transplantation included abnormal renal function, hepatic coma of different degrees and alimentary tract hemorrhage. The main complications after transplantation included pulmonary infection in two cases, acute renal failure in three cases and transplantation-related encephalopathy in one case. No primary failure of vascular or biliary complications occurred. The one-year survival rate was 55.6%. There were no serious complications or deaths in donors. In general, it is extremely difficult to treat fulminant hepatitis by conservative regimen, particularly, in cases with rapid progression. Emergency adult living-donor liver transplantation is an effective treatment for fulminant hepatitis patients and is relatively safe for donors.

关键词： alimentary     abnormal     hemorrhage     principal     different    

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Efficacy and prognostic factors of imatinib plus CALLG2008 protocol in adult patients with newly diagnosed

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第2期   页码 229-238 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0506-y

摘要：

A CALLG2008 protocol was developed by the Chinese Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cooperative Group for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We retrospectively analyzed 153 newly diagnosed adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive ALL enrolled into imatinib (400 mg/d) plus CALLG2008 regimen between 2009 and 2015. The median age was 40 years (range, 18–68 years), with 81 (52.3%) males. The overall hematologic complete remission (CR) rate was 96.7% after induction. With a median follow-up of 24.2 months, the estimated 3-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates were 49.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 38.5%–59.5%) and 49.2% (95% CI: 38.3%–59.2%), respectively. Fifty-eight (36 with haploidentical donor) patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in first CR. Among the patients in CR1 after induction, both the 3-year OS and EFS were significantly better in the allo-HSCT group than in the without allo-HSCT group (73.2%, 95% CI: 58.3%–83.5% vs. 22.2%, 95% CI: 8.7%–39.6% and 66.5%, 95% CI: 50.7%–78.2% vs. 16.1%, 95% CI: 5.1%–32.7%, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that allo-HSCT and achievement of major molecular response were associated with favorable OS or EFS independently. Interestingly, in the allo-HSCT cohort, the donor type (haploidentical versus matched donors) had no significant impact on EFS or OS. All these results suggested that imatinib plus CALLG2008 was an effective protocol for Ph-positive ALL. Haploidentical donors can also be a reasonable alternative expedient donor pool.

关键词： Philadelphia chromosome     acute lymphoblastic leukemia     imatinib     CALLG2008    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Progress in breeding for resistance to Ug99 and other races of the stem rust fungus in CIMMYT wheat germplasm

Sridhar BHAVANI, David P. HODSON, Julio HUERTA-ESPINO, Mandeep S. RANDHAWA, Ravi P. SINGH

期刊论文

An extraction- assay system: Evaluation on flavonols in plant resistance to Pb and Cd by supercritical

Xu Zhang, Huanhuan Yang, Xinlei Wang, Wen Song, Zhaojie Cui

期刊论文

Mitigating microbiological risks of potential pathogens carrying antibiotic resistance genes and virulencefactors in receiving rivers: Benefits of wastewater treatment plant upgrade

期刊论文

Transmission of antibiotic resistance genes in agroecosystems: an overview

Jizheng HE, Zhenzhen YAN, Qinglin CHEN

期刊论文

Reducing biliary complications in adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation using right lobe

YAN Lunan, WEN Tianfu, WANG Wentao, YANG Jiayin, XU Mingqing, CHEN Zheyu, WU Hong

期刊论文

China-CIMMYT collaboration enhances wheat improvement in China

Zhonghu HE, Xianchun XIA, Yong ZHANG, Yan ZHANG, Yonggui XIAO, Xinmin CHEN, Simin LI, Yuanfeng HAO, Awais RASHEED, Zhiyong XIN, Qiaosheng ZHUANG, Ennian YANG, Zheru FAN, Jun YAN, Ravi SINGH, Hans-Joachim BRAUN

期刊论文

Advances in immunopathogenesis of adult immune thrombocytopenia

null

期刊论文

Impacts of advanced treatment processes on elimination of antibiotic resistance genes in a municipalwastewater treatment plant

Lian Yang, Qinxue Wen, Zhiqiang Chen, Ran Duan, Pan Yang

期刊论文

Presence, dissemination and removal of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes

Qiaowen Tan, Weiying Li, Junpeng Zhang, Wei Zhou, Jiping Chen, Yue Li, Jie Ma

期刊论文

Preliminary experience in adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation in a single center in China

YAN Lunan, ZENG Yong, WEN Tianfu, ZHAO Jichun, WANG Wentao, YANG Jiayin, XU Mingqing, MA Yukui, CHEN Zheyu, LIU Jiangwen, WU Hong

期刊论文

mononuclear diploid cardiac subpopulation with minimal cell–cell communications persists in embryonic and adult

期刊论文

Genetic basis of adult-onset nephrotic syndrome and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

null

期刊论文

Temporal and spatial stability of the EM/PM molecular subtypes in adult diffuse glioma

期刊论文

Emergency adult living donor right lobe liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure

ZHANG Feng, WANG Xuehao, LI Xiangcheng, KONG Lianbao, SUN Beicheng, LI Guoqiang, QIAN Xiaofen, CHEN Feng, WANG Ke, LU Sheng, PU Liyong, LU Ling

期刊论文

Efficacy and prognostic factors of imatinib plus CALLG2008 protocol in adult patients with newly diagnosed

null

期刊论文